Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nomgomo we-turbocharger

I-exhaust gasi-turbocharger inezingxenye ezimbili: i-exhaust gas turbine kanye ne-i-compressor.Ngokuvamile, i-exhaust gas turbine ingakwesokudla futhi i-compressor ingakwesokunxele.Ziyi-coaxial.I-turbine casing yenziwe nge-alloy cast iron cast iron.Isiphetho sokungenisa umoya sixhunywe kwipayipi le-cylinder exhaust, futhi isiphetho se-air outlet sixhunywe embotsheni yokukhipha umoya yenjini ye-diesel.I-air inlet end ye-compressor ixhunywe kusihlungi somoya se-air injini ye-diesel, futhi isiphetho se-air outlet sixhunywe kwipayipi ye-cylinder air inlet.

1. Exhaust gas turbine

I-exhaust gas turbine ngokuvamile iqukethe i-aizindlu ze-turbine, indandatho ye-nozzle kanye ne-impeller esebenzayo.Iringi yomlomo iqukethe iringi yangaphakathi yombhobho, iringi yangaphandle kanye nezindwani zomlomo.Ishaneli elakhiwe ama-nozzle blades liyashwabana lisuka lapho lingena khona liye endaweni yokuphuma.I-impeller esebenzayo yenziwe nge-turntable kanye ne-impeller, futhi ama-blades asebenzayo agxiliwe emaphethelweni angaphandle e-turntable.Indandatho yombhobho kanye ne-impeller eseduze yakha "isiteji".I-turbine enesiteji esisodwa kuphela ibizwa nge-single-stage turbine.Ama-supercharger amaningi asebenzisa izinjini zomoya zesiteji esisodwa.

Umgomo wokusebenza we-exhaust gas turbine umi kanje: Lapho iinjini ye-diesel iyasebenza, igesi yokukhipha umoya idlula epayipini le-exhaust futhi igeleze iye eringini yomlomo ngengcindezi ethile kanye nezinga lokushisa.Njengoba indawo yesiteshi sendandatho yombhobho iyancipha kancane kancane, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha ekhaleni le-nozzle liyakhuphuka (nakuba ingcindezi nokushisa kwayo kuncipha).Igesi yokukhipha isivinini esiphezulu ephuma ku-nozzle ingena esiteshini sokugeleza kuma-impeller blades, futhi ukugeleza komoya kuphoqeleka ukuphenduka.Ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal, ukugeleza komoya kucindezela kubheke endaweni eyi-concave ye-blade bese uzama ukushiya i-blade, okubangela umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwe-concave ne-convex ye-blade.Amandla angumphumela womehluko wengcindezi asebenza kuwo wonke ama-blades akhiqiza i-torque yomthelela ku-shaft ejikelezayo, okubangela ukuthi i-impeller ijikeleze ngasendleleni ye-torque, bese I-exhaust gas ephuma ku-impeller ikhishwa echwebeni lokukhipha amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-torque. isikhungo se-turbine.

2. I-Compressor

I-compressor yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-air inlet, i-impeller esebenzayo, i-diffuser kanye nezindlu ze-turbine.Ii-compressor i-coaxial ne-exhaust gas turbine futhi iqhutshwa i-exhaust gas turbine ukuze iphendukise i-turbine esebenzayo ngesivinini esikhulu.I-turbine esebenzayo iyisici esiyinhloko se-compressor.Ivamise ukuba nesondo lokuqondisa umoya eligobe phambili kanye nesondo elisebenzayo elivuleke kancane.Izingxenye ezimbili zifakwe ngokulandelana ku-shaft ejikelezayo.Izindwani eziqondile zihlelwa ngokukhazimula esondweni elisebenzayo, futhi kwakhiwa isiteshi esinwetshiwe sokugeleza komoya phakathi kwensingo ngayinye.Ngenxa yokujikeleza kwesondo elisebenzayo, umoya wokungenisa ucindezelwa ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal futhi uphonswa emaphethelweni angaphandle esondo elisebenzayo, okubangela ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa kanye nesivinini somoya kwanda.Lapho umoya ugeleza ku-diffuser, amandla e-kinetic omoya aguqulwa abe amandla okucindezela ngenxa yomphumela wokusabalalisa.Ekuphumeniizindlu ze-turbine, amandla e-kinetic omoya kancane kancane aguqulwa abe amandla okucindezela.Ngale ndlela, ukuminyana komoya wokungena kwenjini yedizili kuthuthukiswa kakhulu nge-compressor.